Step 1 : Introduction to the question " All astronauts going to the International Space Station must learn which additional language? "
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As of January 2017, 10 nations had sent crew members to the ISS: United States, Russia, Japan, Italy, Canada, Germany, France, Belgium, Netherlands and the United Kingdom. Every astronaut who traveled to the International Space Station had to learn Russian, and Russian astronauts working with NASA learned English, making those the two official languages of space.
The U.S. and Russia were the first two nations to send astronauts to space, and today most travel to space departs from Russian airspace. Therefore, all astronauts going to the ISS, no matter how many languages they speak, MUST learn Russian.
The U.S. State Department's Foreign Service Institute ranks Russian among several "Category II" languages (meaning those with significant linguistic and/or cultural differences from English). To reach a reasonable level of fluency in Russian, students can expect to spend 1,100 class hours, in addition to hours of individual study. By comparison, languages such as French, Spanish, Dutch and Afrikaans generally require 575-600 hours of study.
Since the ISS is governed in part by memorandums of agreement in which English is usually the operating language, astronauts and cosmonauts from around the world must also learn at enough English to allow them to work with NASA. They are allowed to operate in their native tongue in space when speaking with their own ground personnel, but, besides Russian, they have to know at least enough English to “get by”.
More Info:
www.space.com
Step 2 : Answer to the question " All astronauts going to the International Space Station must learn which additional language? "
Russian:
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