[Answer] 1. Who is the father of modern observational astronomy?

Step 1 : Introduction to the question "1. Who is the father of modern observational astronomy?"

...1. Galileo Galilei 2. Albert Einstein 3. Issac newton 4. Chadwick Galileo has been called the "Father of Modern Observational Astronomy", the "Father of Modern Physics" and "the Father of Modern Science".

[Answer] Who holds the title "The Father of Modern Astronomy?"

Step 1 : Introduction to the question "Who holds the title "The Father of Modern Astronomy?""

...Most written accounts of the man considered the father of modern astronomy refer to him simply as Galileo. Born Feb. 15, 1564 in the Italian city of Pisa, Galileo Galilei would become one of history's most significant men of science. But he paid a high price for his work: the last eight years of his life saw him confined to house arrest. The 16th century Catholic Church banned publication of any of his written works. Galileo established himself as a serious scientist at the young age of 22, when he published a book on hydrostatic balance. He believed he could define and understand the world around us through mathematics. Source: FamousScientists.org